Dear All,
There will
be lots of coffee drinkers saying 'I told you so' or 'I knew it' today. Coffee
growers and manufacturers and retailers will be Hi-fiving too. READ the report
from two large studies on the effect of coffee drinking below:
Higher
Coffee Intake Tied to Lower Mortality Risk
Marcia
Frellick
July 10, 2017
Ann Intern
Med. Published online July 10, 2017.
Study 1:
‘Higher coffee intake is linked to significantly lower risk for death, two
large studies confirm. The benefit was found in diverse European populations,
as well as across different racial/ethnic groups, researchers report’
Study 2:
‘Higher consumption of coffee was associated with lower risk for death in
African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites," the authors’
Higher
coffee intake is linked to significantly lower risk for death, two large
studies confirm. The benefit was found in diverse European populations, as well
as across different racial/ethnic groups, researchers report in articles
published online today in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Because
coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the United States and worldwide,
the public health effect of coffee intake could be substantial, even if the
effect on an individual is small.
Despite
mounting evidence for the health and mortality benefits of coffee consumption,
the relationship between coffee intake and mortality in different European
populations in which coffee preparation methods vary has been unclear.
Similarly, data on coffee drinking among nonwhite populations were lacking.
The two new
studies address those gaps.
In EPIC (European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), a large, prospective
cohort study, Marc J. Gunter, PhD, from the International Agency for Research
on Cancer, Lyon, France, and colleagues examined the association of coffee
intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among 451,743 participants
(130,662 men and 321,081 women) in 10 European countries.
"[O]ur
results suggest that higher levels of coffee drinking are associated with lower
risk for death from various causes, specifically digestive and circulatory
diseases," the authors write.
During a
mean follow-up of 16.4 years, 41,693 deaths occurred.
In a
multivariable model, men who drank three or more cups of coffee per day had a
12% lower all-cause mortality than non–coffee drinkers (hazard ratio [HR],
0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 - 0.95; P for trend <
.001); women had a 7% lower mortality (HR, 0.93; CI, 0.87 - 0.98; P for
trend = .009).
In terms of
cause-specific mortality, men who drank three or more cups of coffee per day
had a 59% lower risk for digestive disease mortality than men who drank no
coffee or less than one cup per day (HR, 0.41; CI, 0.32 - 0.54; P for
trend < .001). Women who drank three or more cups had a 40% reduction in
risk (HR, 0.60; CI, 0.46 - 0.78; P for trend < .001).
The
researchers also found a strong inverse association between coffee consumption
and circulatory disease mortality among women (HR, 0.78; CI, 0.68 - 0.90; P for
trend < .001). The benefit was particularly large for risk for death from
cerebrovascular disease in women (HR, 0.70; CI, 0.55 - 0.90; P for
trend = .02). Among men, there was a trend for a small benefit, but individual
comparisons were not significant.
However, the
authors also found a significant increase in risk for ovarian cancer mortality
(HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07 - 1.61]; P for trend = .015).
The
mortality benefit was the same for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, the
authors add. They emphasize the need to interpret these findings with caution
because not all EPIC centers collected data on decaffeinated coffee intake.
In the MEC (Multiethnic
Cohort), a prospective population-based cohort study that enrolled 185,855
African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites,
Song-Yi Park, PhD, from the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, and colleagues
investigated the association of coffee intake with risk for total and
cause-specific mortality across multiple races.
"Higher
consumption of coffee was associated with lower risk for death in African
Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites," the authors write.
During a
mean follow-up of 16.2 years, 58,397 deaths occurred.
They found
that higher coffee intake was associated with lower risk for all-cause death
and death from heart disease, cancer, respiratory disease, stroke, diabetes,
and kidney disease.
In analyses
adjusted for potential confounders, Dr Park and colleagues showed that coffee
intake was associated with lower total mortality (1 cup per day: HR, 0.88; 95%
CI, 0.85 - 0.91; 2 to 3 cups per day: HR, 0.82; CI, 0.79 - 0.86; ≥4 cups per
day: HR, 0.82; CI, 0.78 - 0.87; P for trend < .001).
This inverse
relationship held when the racial/ethnic groups were analyzed individually
among all groups except Native Hawaiians.
Considering
leading causes of death, higher coffee intake was associated with lower risks
of death due to heart disease (P for trend < .001), cancer (P for
trend = .023), chronic lower respiratory disease (P for trend = .015),
stroke (P for trend < .001), diabetes (P for trend = .009), and
kidney disease (P for trend < .001).
In this
study, trends with respect to caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee were similar
to those found in EPIC.
In an accompanying
editorial, Eliseo Guallar, MD, DrPH, from Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues stress the need to understand the health
effects of coffee because of its widespread consumption.
They
emphasize that the consistent finding in these two studies of an inverse
relationship between coffee intake and risk for death across populations from
different countries, as well as across the racial/ethnic spectrum, further
contribute to generalizability of the mortality benefit of coffee.
Nevertheless,
the editorialists note that coffee consumption is a complex phenomenon and that
coffee contains various substances, including bioactive compounds. As a
consequence, the health and mortality benefits of coffee may depend on
components other than caffeine, they say.
It would
therefore be premature to recommend coffee intake to reduce mortality or
prevent chronic disease, the editorialists add. "However, it is
increasingly evident that moderate coffee intake up to 3 to 5 cups per day, or
caffeine intake up to 400 mg/d, is not associated with adverse health effects
in adults and can be incorporated into a healthy diet," they conclude.’’
Joseph Ana.
Africa Center for Clin Gov Research &
Patient Safety
@ HRI West Africa
Group - HRI WA
Consultants in
Clinical Governance Implementation
Publisher: Health and
Medical Journals
8 Amaku Street Housing
Estate, Calabar
Cross River State, Nigeria
Cross River State, Nigeria
Phone No. +234 (0) 8063600642
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